Page 28 - Energy & Commerce 25
P. 28
Servicios Financieros
El costo de las reparaciones en la
industria energética puede ser 10 veces superior en comparación con otros industrias, como la aviación o el transporte carretero.
The cost of repairs in the energy industry can be 10 times higher compared to other industries,
such as aviation or road transport.
de las obligaciones pactadas en los contratos de obras y servicios, y, finalmente, las que se utilizan para certificar la buena calidad de las instalaciones, o para hacer frente a posibles vicios ocultos en las obras o construcciones.
Órganos supervisores
En México, la Agencia de Seguri-
dad, Energía y Ambiente (ASEA)
es un órgano regulador de la industria —desconcen- trado de la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recur- sos Naturales (SEMARNAT)— que ha aumentado sus normas, regulaciones y requisitos para autorizar proyectos y operaciones. Busca im-
pulsar la seguridad industrial y operativa, así
como la protección al ambiente respecto de
las actividades del sector de hidrocarburos.
Bajo su normatividad y disposiciones administrativas, la ASEA supervisa a Pemex y las empresas privadas que, en conjunto, producen 1.7 millones de barriles y 6.5 mil millones de pies cúbicos de gas natural por día; 9,300 pozos terrestres, 250 plataformas marinas, 11,500 gasolineras; 60,000 kilóme- tros de ductos, 111 terminales de almacena- miento y distribución, 6 refinerías; 9 centros procesadores de gas natural y 3,300 centros de distribución de carburación de gas LP.
La Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarbu- ros (CNH) y al Comisión Reguladora de Energía (CRE), son otras dos dependencias con carácter de órganos reguladores. Su tarea también consiste en supervisar las actividades de la industria petrolera para transferir eficiencia, seguridad y suminis- tro de energéticos en el país. Sin embargo, a pesar de su regulación, transparencia y supervisión, es imposible que las tres depen- dencias puedan garantizar la seguridad de las actividades del sector, y mucho menos resguardar las instalaciones y a todos los empleados del sector.
of the industry are the ones regarding engineer- ing, construction, and assembly. They serve to protect the companies’ assets against fire, light- ning and explosion risks, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, flooding and other dangers inherent
to the oil infrastructure.
It is important to men- tion that, since the most productive oil fields are located at sea, marine insurance is of the utmost importance, both for the
value of the vessels used in the industry, as well as for the damages that can be caused either by the operation of the vessels or the offshore supplies and port termi- nals. Finally, aviation coverages —both corporate and commercial— are also used, not only of the assets but also of the most valuable resource: human capital.
Bonds are another important financial guarantee, essential in contracts of the energy sector. There is a wide variety of bonds in the Mexican market, but the most common are those that serve to guarantee the proper
use of advances. Also those that assure the faithful ful- fillment of the obligations agreed in the contracts of works and services, and, finally, those that are used to certify the good quality of the facilities or to face pos-
sible hidden vices in the works or constructions.
Supervising Bodies
In Mexico, the Agency for Safety, Energy and Environment (ASEA, by its acronym in Spanish)
is an industry regulatory body —decentralized
from the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources— that has increased its rules, regula- tions, and requirements for authorizing projects and operations. It seeks to promote industrial and oper- ational safety, as well as environmental protection concerning the activities of the hydrocarbons sector.
Under its regulations and administrative pro- visions, the ASEA supervises Pemex and the private companies. Together, they produce 1.7 million barrels and 6.5 billion cubic feet of nat- ural gas per day; 9,300 land wells, 250 marine platforms, 11,500 gas stations; 60,000 pipeline kilometers, 111 storage and distribution terminals, 6 refineries; 9 natural gas processing centers and 3,300 LPG carburetion distribution centers.
The National Hydrocarbons Commission and the Energy Regulatory Commission are two other regulatory agencies. Their task is also to supervise the activities of the oil industry to transfer effi- ciency, security and energy supply in the country. However, in spite of their regulation, transparency, and supervision, the three agencies cannot guaran- tee the security of the sector’s activities; much less protect the facilities and all the sector’s employees.
26